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冗余是一种高 级的可靠性设计技术， 1:1热冗余也就是所谓的双重化，是其中一种有效的冗余方式，但它并不是两个部件简单的并联运行，而是需要硬件、软件、通讯等协同工作来实现。将互为冗余的两个部件构成一个有机的整体，通常包括以下多个技术要点：
信息同步技术
它是工作、备用部件之间实现无扰动（Bumpless）切换技术的前提，只有按控制实时性要求进行高速有效的信息同步，保证工作、备用部件步调一致地工作，才能实现冗余部件之间的无扰动切换。
在热备用工作方式下，其中一块处于工作状态（工作卡），实现系统的数据采集、运算、控制输出、网络通讯等功能；而另一块处于备用状态（备用卡），它实时跟踪工作卡的内部控制状态（即状态同步）。工作/备用卡件之间的正/负逻辑是互斥的，即一个为工作卡，另一个必定是备用卡；而且它们之间有冗余控制电路（又称工作/备用控制电路）和信息通讯电路，以协调两块卡件同时而且有序地运行，保证对外输入输出特性的同一性，即对于用户使用而言，可以认为只有一个部件。一般在设计中，工作、备用部件之间通过高速的冗余通讯通道（串行或并行）实现运行状态互检和控制状态的同步（如组态信息、输出阀位、控制参数等）。
Redundancy is an advanced reliability design technology, 1:1 thermal redundancy is the so-called dual, is one of the effective redundancy, but it is not a simple parallel operation of two components, but requires hardware, software, communication and other collaborative work to achieve. The two redundant components form an organic whole, which usually includes the following technical points:
Information synchronization technique
It is the premise of Bumpless switching technology between working and spare parts, only according to the real-time control requirements of high-speed and effective information synchronization, to ensure that the working and spare parts work in step, in order to achieve the undisturbed switching between redundant parts.
In the hot standby working mode, one piece is in the working state (work card) to realize the system's data acquisition, operation, control output, network communication and other functions; The other piece is in the standby state (the standby card), which tracks the internal control state of the work card in real time (i.e. state synchronization). The positive/negative logic between the working card and the spare card is mutually exclusive, that is, one is the working card, the other must be the spare card; Moreover, there are redundant control circuits (also known as working/standby control circuits) and information communication circuits between them to coordinate the simultaneous and orderly operation of the two cards to ensure the identity of external input and output characteristics, that is, for user use, it can be considered that there is only one component. In general, in the design, the operating state mutual check and control state synchronization (such as configuration information, output valve position, control parameters, etc.) are realized between the working and standby components through high-speed redundant communication channels
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